Match List I with List II.
| List – I (Different Sufi Terms) | List – II (Their meanings) |
| (A) Sama | (I) Pilgrimage |
| (B) Zikr | (II) Hospice |
| (C) Khanqah | (III) Audition |
| (D) Ziyarat | (IV) Reciting the divine names |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(A) Sama — this matches (III) Audition. The sufis evoked God’s presence through sama‘ (literally, “audition”), the performance of mystical music.
(B) Zikr — this matches (IV) Reciting the divine names. The sufis remembered God by reciting the zikr, the Divine Names.
(C) Khanqah — this matches (II) Hospice. From the eleventh century the sufis organised communities around the hospice or khanqah, controlled by a teaching master, the shaikh.
(D) Ziyarat — this matches (I) Pilgrimage. The tomb-shrine of a shaikh drew his followers on pilgrimage or ziyarat to his grave, especially on his death anniversary.
NCERT (2026-27): “6.1 Khanqahs and silsilas … By the eleventh century Sufism evolved into a well-developed movement with a body of literature on Quranic studies and sufi practices. Institutionally, the sufis began to organise communities around the hospice or khanqah (Persian) controlled by a teaching master known as shaikh (in Arabic), pir or murshid (in Persian).… 6.1 Khanqahs and silsilas … When the shaikh died, his tomb-shrine (dargah, a Persian term meaning court) became the centre of devotion for his followers. This encouraged the practice of pilgrimage or ziyarat to his grave, particularly on his death anniversary or urs (or marriage, signifying the union of his soul with God). This was because people believed that in death saints were united with God,… 7.2 Chishti devotionalism: ziyarat and qawwali … Also part of ziyarat is the use of music and dance including mystical chants performed by specially trained musicians or qawwals to evoke divine ecstasy. The sufis remember God either by reciting the zikr (the Divine Names) or evoking His Presence through sama‘ (literally, ‘audition’) or performance of mystical music. Sama‘ was integral to the Chishtis, and exemplified interaction with indigenous devotional traditions.…” |