The discovery and understanding of electromagnetic induction is based on a long series of experiments carried out by _________________.

Faraday and Henry

The correct answer is option 3. Faraday and Henry.

The discovery and understanding of electromagnetic induction is based on a long series of experiments carried out by Faraday and Henry.

Michael Faraday, an English scientist, conducted a series of experiments in the early 19th century that led to the discovery of electromagnetic induction. He demonstrated that a changing magnetic field could induce an electric current in a nearby circuit, laying the foundation for the principle of electromagnetic induction. Joseph Henry, an American scientist, also made significant contributions to the understanding of electromagnetic phenomena, including the demonstration of electromagnetic induction independently of Faraday. Together, Faraday and Henry played pivotal roles in the development of electromagnetism and the discovery of electromagnetic induction.