Which of the following is not a cause of biodiversity loss ?

None of these.

a-Habitat loss and fragmentation.

b-Alien species invasions.

c-Co-extinctions.

d-None of these.

The accelerated rates of species extinctions that the world is facing now are largely due to human activities. There are four major causes (‘The Evil Quartet’).

1. Habitat loss and fragmentation.
2. Over-exploitation.
3. Alien species invasions.
4. Co-extinctions.