Which of the following statements is correct for ortho and para nitrophenols?

(A) They can be separated by steam distillation
(B) o-Nitrophenol undergoes intramolecular hydrogen bonding
(C) p-Nitrophenol undergoes inter molecular hydrogen bonding
(D) p-Nitrophenol is less volatile

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (B), (C) and (D)

The correct answer is Option (3) → (A), (B), (C) and (D)

Let’s analyze each statement carefully:

(A) They can be separated by steam distillation

• True. Ortho and para nitrophenols have sufficiently different volatilities due to differences in hydrogen bonding. Steam distillation can separate them. ✅

(B) o-Nitrophenol undergoes intramolecular hydrogen bonding

• True. In ortho-nitrophenol, the –OH and –NOâ‚‚ groups are close enough to form intramolecular H-bonding. ✅

(C) p-Nitrophenol undergoes intermolecular hydrogen bonding

• True. In para-nitrophenol, the –OH and –NOâ‚‚ groups are opposite each other, so it forms intermolecular H-bonds with other molecules. ✅

(D) p-Nitrophenol is less volatile

• True. Due to strong intermolecular H-bonding, p-nitrophenol has a higher boiling point and is less volatile than o-nitrophenol. ✅