In which case, the Supreme Court provided clarity on what "Procedure' means under Article 21 of the Constitution of India?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
In the landmark case Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978), the Supreme Court of India provided significant clarity on the interpretation of the term "procedure" as it appears under Article 21 of the Constitution. The Court held that the procedure must be "just, fair, and reasonable" and not arbitrary or oppressive. This case expanded the understanding of the right to life and personal liberty, emphasizing that any law depriving a person of these rights must adhere to a fair procedure.