Match List-I with List-II:
| List-I | List-II |
| A. Ganga Action Plan | i. N2 fixing cyanobacterium |
| B. Bt cotton | ii. Ministry of Environment and Forests |
| C. Rhizobium | iii. Insect-resistant plant |
| D. Nostoc | iv. N2 fixing bacterium |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i
(A) Ganga Action Plan — this matches (ii) Ministry of Environment and Forests. The Ministry started the Ganga Action Plan and the Yamuna Action Plan to save these rivers from pollution by building many sewage treatment plants.
(B) Bt cotton — this matches (iii) Insect-resistant plant. The Bt toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis is expressed in the cotton plant, so the plant itself kills insect pests such as bollworms.
(C) Rhizobium — this matches (iv) N2 fixing bacterium. It forms root nodules on leguminous plants and fixes atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms used by the plant.
(D) Nostoc — this matches (i) N2 fixing cyanobacterium. Cyanobacteria such as Anabaena and Nostoc fix atmospheric nitrogen and serve as an important biofertiliser in paddy fields.
NCERT Extract:
Microbes in Sewage Treatment – “… The Ministry of Environment and Forests has initiated Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan to save these major rivers of our country from pollution. Under these plans, it is proposed to build a large number of sewage treatment plants so that only treated sewage may be discharged in the rivers.”
Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture – “… Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and been expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides; in effect created a bio-pesticide. Examples are Bt cotton, Bt corn, rice, tomato, potato and soyabean etc.”
Microbes as Biofertilisers – “… You have studied about the nodules on the roots of leguminous plants formed by the symbiotic association of Rhizobium. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used by the plant as nutrient.”
Microbes as Biofertilisers – “… Cyanobacteria are autotrophic microbes widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments many of which can fix atmospheric nitrogen, e.g. Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, etc. In paddy fields, cyanobacteria serve as an important biofertiliser.”