The pressure on agricultural land increases not only due to the limited availability but also due to the deterioration of the quality of agricultural land. Soil erosion, waterlogging, salinisation and alkalinisation of land lead to land degradation. What happens if the land is consistently used without managing its fertility? The land is degraded and productivity declines.

Which of the following statements is correct?

a- Urban centres exist as undifferentiated homogeneous entities in opposition to rural areas.

b- Urban centres in India are more differentiated in terms of socio-economic, politico-cultural and other indicators of development than any other areas.

Only statement b is correct.

This may give the impression that urban centres exist as undifferentiated homogeneous entities in opposition to rural areas. On the contrary, urban centres in India are more differentiated in terms of socio-economic, politico-cultural and other indicators of development than any other areas. At the top, there are farmhouses and high-income group localities characterised by well-developed urban infrastructures, like wide roads, streetlights, water and sanitation facilities, lawns, well-developed green belts, parks, playgrounds and provisions for individual security and right to privacy. At the other extreme of it are the slums, jhuggi-jhopari clusters and colonies of shanty structures.