Match List-I with List-II.List-IList-IIA. Point mutationI. Commonly o…

The correct answer is Option (3) → A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. NCERT describes changes of different sizes and their causes: a change in one base pair, the loss or gain of base pairs, changes large enough to alter whole chromosomes, and the agents that induce mutations.

(A) Point mutation — this matches (IV) Change in a single base pair of DNA. Sickle-cell anaemia is the classical example.

(B) Frame-shift mutation — this matches (III) Deletion or insertion of base pairs of DNA. Adding or removing bases shifts the way the following bases are read.

(C) Mutagen — this matches (II) UV radiation. Mutagens are chemical and physical factors that induce mutations, and UV radiation is one of them.

(D) Chromosomal aberrations — this matches (I) Commonly observed in cancer cells. Loss or gain of a segment of DNA alters the chromosome, and such aberrations are often seen in cancer cells.

So the correct code is A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I.

NCERT Extract:
Mutation – “… Since genes are known to be located on chromosomes, alteration in chromosomes results in abnormalities or aberrations. Chromosomal aberrations are commonly observed in cancer cells. In addition to the above, mutation also arise due to change in a single base pair of DNA. This is known as point mutation. A classical example of such a mutation is sickle cell anemia. Deletions and insertions of base pairs of DNA, causes frame-shift mutations (see Chapter 5). The mechanism of mutation is beyond the scope of this discussion, at this level. However, there are many chemical and physical factors that induce mutations. These are referred to as mutagens. UV radiations can cause mutations in organisms – it is a mutagen.”