The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of geography (habitats) is called _________.

Adaptive radiation

The correct answer is Option (4) -Adaptive radiation

The correct term is "Adaptive radiation."

Adaptive radiation is the process by which a single ancestral species diversifies into a wide variety of descendant species, each adapted to a specific environment or niche within a given geographical area. This process typically occurs when a new ecological opportunity arises, such as the colonization of a new habitat or the evolution of a novel trait that allows organisms to exploit new resources.

During adaptive radiation, the descendants of the ancestral species undergo rapid evolutionary changes, leading to the emergence of multiple new species that occupy different ecological niches. These new species often exhibit a wide range of morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations that enable them to exploit diverse food sources, habitats, and ecological roles.