Practicing Success
Let $f(x)$ be differentiable on the interval $(0, \infty)$ such that $f(1)=1$, and $\lim\limits_{t \rightarrow x} \frac{t^2 f(x)-x^2 f(t)}{t-x}=1$ for each $x>0$. Then $f(x)$ is |
$\frac{1}{3 x}+\frac{2}{3} x^2$ $-\frac{1}{3 x}+\frac{4}{3} x^2$ $-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{2}{x^2}$ $\frac{1}{x}$ |
$\frac{1}{3 x}+\frac{2}{3} x^2$ |
We have, $\lim\limits_{t \rightarrow x} \frac{t^2 f(x)-x^2 f(t)}{t-x}=1$ $\Rightarrow \lim\limits_{t \rightarrow x} \frac{t^2 f(x)-x^2 f(x)+x^2 f(x)-x^2 f(t)}{t-x}=1$ $\Rightarrow \lim\limits_{t \rightarrow x}\left(\frac{t^2-x^2}{t-x}\right) f(x)-x^2 \lim\limits_{t \rightarrow x} \frac{f(t)-f(x)}{t-x}=1$ $\Rightarrow f(x) \lim\limits_{t \rightarrow x}(t+x)-x^2 \lim\limits_{t \rightarrow x} \frac{f(t)-f(x)}{t-x}=1$ $\Rightarrow 2 x f(x)-x^2 f'(x)=1$ $\Rightarrow x^2 f'(x)-2 x f(x)=-1$ $\Rightarrow f'(x)-\frac{2}{x} f(x)=-\frac{1}{x^2}$ ......(i) This is a linear differential equation with I.F. $=e^{-\int \frac{2}{x} d x}=\frac{1}{x^2}$ Multiplying both sides of (i) by I.F. $=\frac{1}{x^2}$ and integrating with respect to $x$, we get $\frac{f(x)}{x^2}=\frac{1}{3 x^3}+C$ .....(ii) It is given that $f(1)=1$. So, putting $x=1$ and $f(1)=1$ in (ii), we get $C=2 / 3$. Putting $C=2 / 3$ in (i), we get $\frac{f(x)}{x^2}=\frac{1}{3 x^3}+\frac{2}{3} \Rightarrow f(x)=\frac{1}{3 x}+\frac{2}{3} x^2$ |