According to Jaina's teachings, what shapes the cycle of birth and rebirth?

Karma

According to Jaina teachings, the cycle of birth and rebirth is shaped through karma.

Jaina teachings propose that the cycle of birth and rebirth is shaped by karma - the law of cause and effect. To liberate oneself from this cycle, one must engage in asceticism and penance. The path to liberation entails renouncing worldly attachments, and hence, monastic life becomes a crucial prerequisite for salvation. Jaina monks and nuns adhere to five vows: abstaining from killing, stealing, and lying; observing celibacy; and renouncing the possession of property. These vows guide them on their spiritual journey towards ultimate liberation from the cycle of karma and rebirth.