Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I | List-II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | Graph of y = 5 + x | (I) | Independent variable on the horizontal axis |
| (B) | Graph of y = 50 – x | (II) | Slopes downward |
| (C) | Demand curve | (III) | Independent variable (price) on the vertical axis |
| (D) | Usual graph of a function y = f(x) | (IV) | Slopes upward |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A) - (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (I)
An increasing function has an upward-sloping graph and a decreasing function a downward-sloping one. Economics often swaps the usual axes for the demand curve.
| List-I | List-II | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| (A) Graph of y = 5 + x | (IV) Slopes upward | y rises as x rises. |
| (B) Graph of y = 50 – x | (II) Slopes downward | y falls as x rises. |
| (C) Demand curve | (III) Independent variable (price) on the vertical axis | Price, the independent variable, is drawn on the vertical axis. |
| (D) Usual graph of a function y = f(x) | (I) Independent variable on the horizontal axis | Usually x, the independent variable, goes on the horizontal axis. |
NCERT (2026-27): “Graphical Representation of a Function … Usually, in a graph, the independent variable is measured along the horizontal axis and the dependent variable is measured along the vertical axis. However, in economics, often the opposite is done. The demand curve, for example, is drawn by taking the independent variable (price) along the vertical axis and the dependent variable (quantity) along the horizontal axis. The graph of an increasing function is upward sloping or and the graph of a decreasing function is downward sloping. As we can see from the diagrams above, the graph of y = 5 + x is upward sloping and that of y = 50 – x, is downward sloping.” |