According to the PASS model, ________ allows us to think of possible courses of action, implement them to reach the target, and evaluate their effectiveness.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Planning
The PASS model of J.P. Das, Naglieri and Kirby holds that intelligent activity rests on three functional units of the brain, responsible for arousal/attention, coding or processing (simultaneous and successive) and planning.
Option (1) Planning — Correct. After the information is attended to and processed, planning is activated. It allows us to think of the possible courses of action, implement them to reach a target, and evaluate their effectiveness; if a plan does not work, it is modified.
Option (2) Arousal — Incorrect. Arousal is the state basic to any behaviour, as it helps us attend to stimuli; an optimal level focuses our attention on the relevant aspects of a problem. It comes before any course of action is thought of.
Option (3) Simultaneous processing — Incorrect. It takes place when we perceive the relations among various concepts and integrate them into a meaningful pattern, as in Raven’s Progressive Matrices. It is a way of taking in information, not of choosing and judging actions.
Option (4) Successive processing — Incorrect. It takes place when we recall information serially, so that the recall of one item leads to the next, as in learning digits or multiplication tables.
NCERT (2025-26): “Planning, Attention-arousal, and Simultaneous-successive (PASS) Model of Intelligence … This model has been developed by J.P. Das, Jack Naglieri, and Kirby (1994). According to this model, intellectual activity involves the interdependent functioning of three neurological systems, called the functional units of brain. These units are responsible for arousal/attention, coding or processing, and planning respectively.…” “…Arousal/Attention : State of arousal is basic to any behaviour as it helps us in attending to stimuli. Arousal and attention enable a person to process information. An optimal level of arousal focuses our attention to the relevant aspects of a problem. Too much or too little arousal would interfere with attention.…” “…Simultaneous processing takes place when you perceive the relations among various concepts and integrate them into a meaningful pattern for comprehension. For example, in Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) Test, a design is presented from which a part has been removed. You are required to choose one of the six options that best completes the design. Simultaneous processing helps you in grasping the meaning and relationship between the given abstract figures. Successive processing takes place when you remember all the information serially so that the recall of one leads to the recall of another. Learning of digits, alphabets, multiplication tables, etc. are examples of successive processing.…” “…Planning : This is an essential feature of intelligence. After the information is attended to and processed, planning is activated. It allows us to think of the possible courses of action, implement them to reach a target, and evaluate their effectiveness. If a plan does not work, it is modified to suit the requirements of the task or situation.…” |