Match List I with List II
| LIST I | LIST II | ||
| A. | Delusion | I. | Perception occurs in the absence of stimuli |
| B. | Hallucination | II. | Derailment, neologism, perseveration |
| C. | Inappropriate Affect | III. | False belief firmly held on inadequate ground |
| D. | Formal thought Disorder | IV. | Emotions unsuited for situation |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
All four items are symptoms of schizophrenia, each with its own definition.
(A) Delusion — this matches (III) False belief firmly held on inadequate ground. A delusion is not affected by rational argument and has no basis in reality, such as the belief that one is being plotted against.
(B) Hallucination — this matches (I) Perception occurs in the absence of stimuli. Hallucinations are perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli; hearing voices is the most common kind in schizophrenia.
(C) Inappropriate Affect — this matches (IV) Emotions unsuited for situation. People with schizophrenia may show emotions that are unsuited to the situation, such as laughing at sad news.
(D) Formal thought Disorder — this matches (II) Derailment, neologism, perseveration. These disorders of thinking and speech include rapidly shifting from one topic to another (derailment), inventing new words (neologisms) and persistent repetition of the same thoughts (perseveration).
NCERT (2025-26): “Symptoms of Schizophrenia … Many people with schizophrenia develop delusions. A delusion is a false belief that is firmly held on inadequate grounds. It is not affected by rational argument, and has no basis in reality.…” “…People with schizophrenia may not be able to think logically and may speak in peculiar ways. These formal thought disorders can make communication extremely difficult. These include rapidly shifting from one topic to another so that the normal structure of thinking is muddled and becomes illogical (loosening of associations, derailment), inventing new words or phrases (neologisms), and persistent and inappropriate repetition of the same thoughts (perseveration).…” “…People with schizophrenia may have hallucinations, i.e. perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli.…” “…People with schizophrenia also show inappropriate affect, i.e. emotions that are unsuited to the situation.…” |