Which of the following subjects is NOT included in the Concurrent List?

Defense

The correct answer is Option 1 - Defence

Among the options provided, "Defence" is NOT included in the Concurrent List. It falls under the Union List, as per the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
The Concurrent List includes subjects where both the central and state governments can make laws.
Defence is a subject solely handled by the central government and falls under the Union List.