The legacy of 19th century reforms can be traced to the pre-colonial ideas of:

Buddhist and Sufi movements

The correct answer is Option (1) → Buddhist and Sufi movements

The social reform movements which emerged in India in the 19th century arose to the challenges that colonial Indian society faced. The wellknown issues are that of sati, child marriage, widow remarriage and caste discrimination. It is not that attempts were not made to fight social discrimination in pre-colonial India. They were central to Buddhism. They were central to Bhakti and Sufi movements. What marked these 19th century social reform attempts was the modern context and mix of ideas. It was a creative combination of modern ideas of western liberalism and a new look on traditional literature.