Arrange the given items (events) in ascending order.
(A) Zamindari System
(B) Abolition of Zamindari System
(C) Rayatwari system
(D) Farmer's suicide
(E) Green Revolution
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A), (C), (B), (E), (D)
(A) Zamindari System — a colonial land arrangement: the British ruled many areas through local zamindars and granted them property rights. It is the older of the two colonial settlements.
(B) Abolition of Zamindari System — after Independence; it was the first important land reform legislation.
(C) Rayatwari system — also colonial: the land settlement of other areas under direct British rule, in which the ‘actual cultivators’ rather than the zamindars paid the tax. It was introduced after the zamindari settlement, and in any case before Independence, so it must come before (B).
(D) Farmer’s suicide — the spate of farmers’ suicides has occurred since 1997-98; the most recent item.
(E) Green Revolution — its first phase came in the 1960s and 1970s.
NCERT (2025-26): “The Colonial Period … Many districts of colonial India were administered through the zamindari system. In other areas that were under direct British rule had what was called the raiyatwari system of land settlement (raiyat means cultivator in Telugu). In this system, the ‘actual cultivators’ (who were themselves often landlords and not cultivators) rather than the zamindars were responsible for paying the tax. Because the colonial government dealt directly with the farmers or landlords, rather than through the overlords, the burden of taxation was less and cultivators had more incentive to invest in agriculture. As a result, these areas became relatively more productive and prosperous.…” “Independent India … The first important legislation was the abolition of the zamindari system, which removed the layer of intermediaries who stood between the cultivators and the state.…” “4.3 The Green Revolution and its Social Consequences … Thus, in the first phase of the Green Revolution, in the 1960s and 1970s, the introduction of new technology seemed to be increasing inequalities in rural society.…”
Box 4.3, Farmers’ suicides (NCERT 2025-26) |
