Match the concepts given in List - I with their characteristics in List - II.
| LIST-I (Concepts) | LIST-II (Characteristics) | ||
| (A) | Authoritarianism | (I) | Aggressive chauvinism |
| (B) | Democracy | (II) | Non-State |
| (C) | Civil Society | (III) | Limit or abolish civil liberties |
| (D) | Communalism | (IV) | Accountability of people in power |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(A) Authoritarianism — this matches (III) Limit or abolish civil liberties. In an authoritarian state the people have no voice, and such states often limit or abolish civil liberties like freedom of speech, freedom of the press and freedom of political activity.
(B) Democracy — this matches (IV) Accountability of people in power. An authoritarian state is the opposite of a democratic state: in it, those in power are not accountable to anyone. In a democracy, therefore, those in power are accountable to the people.
(C) Civil Society — this matches (II) Non-State. Civil society is the non-state and non-market part of the public domain, in which individuals get together voluntarily to create institutions and organisations.
(D) Communalism — this matches (I) Aggressive chauvinism. In everyday language communalism refers to aggressive chauvinism based on religious identity, an attitude that sees one’s own group as the only worthy one and the others as inferior.
NCERT (2025-26): “6.4 State and Civil Society … An authoritarian state is the opposite of a democratic state. It is a state in which the people have no voice and those in power are not accountable to anyone. Authoritarian states often limit or abolish civil liberties like freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of political activity, right to protection from wrongful use of authority, right to the due processes of the law, and so on.…” “…Civil society is the name given to the broad arena which lies beyond the private domain of the family, but outside the domain of both state and market. Civil society is the non-state and non-market part of the public domain in which individuals get together voluntarily to create institutions and organisations.…” “Communalism … In everyday language, the word ‘communalism’ refers to aggressive chauvinism based on religious identity. Chauvinism itself is an attitude that sees one’s own group as the only legitimate or worthy group, with other groups being seen – by definition – as inferior, illegitimate and opposed.…” |