Match List-I with List-II
|
List-I Solution |
List-II Properties |
|
(A) Phenol and aniline |
(I) Minimum boiling Azeotrope |
|
(B) Nitric acid and water |
(II) Maximum boiling Azeotrope |
|
(C) Ethanol and water |
(III) Hydrogen bonding |
|
(D) Benzene and toluene |
(IV) Ideal solution |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
A solution is ideal when the A–B attractions equal the A–A and B–B attractions. Weaker A–B attractions give positive deviation and stronger ones give negative deviation from Raoult's law. Large deviations produce azeotropes, mixtures that boil at a constant temperature with the same composition in liquid and vapour: a positive deviation gives a minimum boiling azeotrope and a negative deviation a maximum boiling azeotrope.
(A) Phenol and aniline — This matches (III) Hydrogen bonding. The O–H of phenol forms a hydrogen bond with the nitrogen of aniline; the A–B attraction is stronger than in either pure liquid, so the mixture shows negative deviation.
(B) Nitric acid and water — This matches (II) Maximum boiling Azeotrope. The mixture shows large negative deviation; the azeotrope has about 68% nitric acid by mass and boils at about 393.5 K.
(C) Ethanol and water — This matches (I) Minimum boiling Azeotrope. Water breaks into the hydrogen bonding of ethanol and the mixture shows large positive deviation; fractional distillation stops at about 95% ethanol by volume.
(D) Benzene and toluene — This matches (IV) Ideal solution. The two hydrocarbons are alike in structure and polarity, so the attractions hardly change on mixing.
Shortcut: (A)-(III) rules out Option (1); of the rest, only Option (3) has nitric acid and water as a maximum boiling azeotrope, (B)-(II).