Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Immune System in the Body
The human immune system consists of lymphoid organs, tissues, cells and soluble molecules like antibodies. The primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus where immature lymphocytes differentiate into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes. After maturation the lymphocytes migrate to secondary lymphoid organs like spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer's patches of small intestine and appendix. The secondary lymphoid organs provide the sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen, which then proliferate to become effector cells. The bone marrow is the main lymphoid organ where all blood cells including lymphocytes are produced. Each antibody molecule has four peptide chains, two small called light chains and two longer called heavy chains. Hence, an antibody is represented as H2L2. Different types of antibodies are produced in our body. IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG are some of them. Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs.
An antibody is represented as -
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → H2L2
An antibody is a protein made by B-lymphocytes against a pathogen. Each antibody molecule has four peptide chains: two short light (L) chains and two long heavy (H) chains. So it is written as H2L2.
Option (1) H1L3 — Incorrect. This shows one heavy chain and three light chains. An antibody has two chains of each kind, not one heavy and three light.
Option (2) H1L2 — Incorrect. This shows only three chains. An antibody has two heavy chains, not one.
Option (3) H2L2 — Correct. Two heavy chains and two light chains make the four peptide chains of one antibody molecule.
Option (4) H2L1 — Incorrect. This shows only three chains. An antibody has two light chains, not one.
Note 1: The passage is taken from NCERT. NTA has put lines of the NCERT text together to make it. Most CUET (UG) questions come straight from NCERT, so study the book line by line, including figures and their titles.
Note 2: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2026 on 19-05-2026 (Slot 2) and on 15-05-2026 (Slot 1).