In the context of the revolt of 1857, who among the following noted that panchayats were a nightly occurrence in the Kanpur sepoy lines?

Charles Ball

The correct answer is Option 4 - Charles Ball

Charles Ball wrote one of the earliest histories of the uprising, noted that panchayats were a nightly occurrence in the Kanpur sepoy lines. What this suggests is that some of the decisions were taken collectively. Given the fact that the sepoys lived in lines and shared a common lifestyle and that many of them came from the same caste, it is not difficult to imagine them sitting together to decide their own future. The sepoys were the makers of their own rebellion.