Match List-I (Group) with List-II (Role in the agrarian structure).Li…

Match List-I (Group) with List-II (Role in the agrarian structure).

List-I	List-II
(A) Local kings in the pre-colonial period	(I) Gained property rights and more control over land
(B) Dominant castes in the pre-colonial period	(II) Controlled the land and took a share of produce
(C) Zamindars under British rule	(III) Cultivated land but were not its direct owners
(D) The colonisers	(IV) Imposed heavy land revenue on agriculture

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Local kings in the pre-colonial period	(II) Controlled the land and took a share of produce	Before colonial rule, ruling groups such as local kings controlled the land. Cultivators who worked it had to hand over a large part of the produce to them.
(B) Dominant castes in the pre-colonial period	(III) Cultivated land but were not its direct owners	Dominant castes were probably cultivating castes in the pre-colonial period. They worked the land but were not its direct owners, since ruling groups controlled it.
(C) Zamindars under British rule	(I) Gained property rights and more control over land	The British ruled many areas through local zamindars and granted them property rights. So zamindars got more control over land than they had before.
(D) The colonisers	(IV) Imposed heavy land revenue on agriculture	The colonisers imposed heavy land revenue, a tax on agriculture. Zamindars then took as much produce or money as they could from the cultivators to pay it.

NCERT (2026-27): “The Colonial Period
There are historical reasons why each region of India came to be dominated by just one or two major groups. But it is important to realise that this agrarian structure has changed enormously over time, from the pre-colonial to the colonial and after independence. While the same dominant castes were probably also cultivating castes in the pre-colonial period, they were not the direct owners of land. Instead, ruling groups such as the local kings or zamindars (landlords who were also politically powerful in their areas, and usually belonged to Kshatriya or other high castes) controlled the land. The peasants or cultivators who worked the land had to handover a substantial portion of the produce to them. When the British colonised India, in many areas they ruled through these local zamindars. They also granted property rights to the zamindars. Under the British, the zamindars were given more control over land than they had before. Since the colonisers also imposed heavy land revenue (taxes) on agriculture, the zamindars extracted as much produce or money as they could out of the cultivators. …”

Match List-I (Group) with List-II (Role in the agrarian structure).

List-I	List-II
(A) Local kings in the pre-colonial period	(I) Gained property rights and more control over land
(B) Dominant castes in the pre-colonial period	(II) Controlled the land and took a share of produce
(C) Zamindars under British rule	(III) Cultivated land but were not its direct owners
(D) The colonisers	(IV) Imposed heavy land revenue on agriculture

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Local kings in the pre-colonial period	(II) Controlled the land and took a share of produce	Before colonial rule, ruling groups such as local kings controlled the land. Cultivators who worked it had to hand over a large part of the produce to them.
(B) Dominant castes in the pre-colonial period	(III) Cultivated land but were not its direct owners	Dominant castes were probably cultivating castes in the pre-colonial period. They worked the land but were not its direct owners, since ruling groups controlled it.
(C) Zamindars under British rule	(I) Gained property rights and more control over land	The British ruled many areas through local zamindars and granted them property rights. So zamindars got more control over land than they had before.
(D) The colonisers	(IV) Imposed heavy land revenue on agriculture	The colonisers imposed heavy land revenue, a tax on agriculture. Zamindars then took as much produce or money as they could from the cultivators to pay it.