Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:-
While melatonin supplements may seem like a quick fix for sleep problems, health experts caution against relying on them as a magic long-term solution. The supplements, available in various forms like gummies, pills, and liquid, have become increasingly popular among individuals struggling with sleep issues. However, experts advise that they should only be used under medical supervision and for specific purposes.
According to Dr. Neetu Jain, a sleep specialist, melatonin supplements are not effective for individuals with underlying anxiety or depression. "People with these conditions require psychiatric consultation and therapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), to address their sleep problems,".
CBT is a talking therapy that helps individuals cope with challenges in life by addressing their thought processes. It is a first-line treatment for sleep-related problems before resorting to pharmacological treatments.
Melatonin supplements are most beneficial for individuals with irregular work shifts, those crossing time zones, or individuals recovering from periods of poor sleep patterns. However, experts warn that prolonged use of these supplements can lead to side effects like grogginess and nausea.
Moreover, melatonin supplements are not sedatives or sleep-inducing drugs but rather "physiological supplements" that support the brain in restoring the quality, structure, and pattern of sleep. Experts emphasise the importance of good "sleep hygiene", including avoiding stimulating activities or drinks in the evening, reducing screen time, and engaging in relaxing activities before bed.
Individuals struggling with sleep issues should consult a sleep specialist to determine the underlying cause of their problem and develop a personalized treatment plan.
Why do health experts caution against relying on melatonin supplements as a long-term solution?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → They do not address underlying sleep issues and may have side effects.
The passage gives two reasons for the caution. First, people should consult a specialist to find "the underlying cause" of their sleep problem, which a supplement does not treat. Second, prolonged use can lead to side effects like grogginess and nausea. Option 3 brings both points together.
Why the Other Options are Incorrect?
Option 1: They are highly addictive and can cause withdrawal symptoms. — Incorrect. Not mentioned: the passage says nothing about addiction or withdrawal; the side effects named are grogginess and nausea.
Option 2: They are only effective for individuals with severe sleep disorders. — Incorrect. Contradicted: the passage says they help most people with irregular work shifts, jet lag or a period of poor sleep, not people with severe disorders.
Option 4: They are not approved by medical authorities for sleep treatment. — Incorrect. Not mentioned: the passage says they should be used under medical supervision; it says nothing about their approval.