Assertion (A): The perisperm is derived from the zygote. Reason (R):…

The correct answer is Option (4) → A is false, but R is true.

Assertion (A): The perisperm is derived from the zygote. — False. The perisperm does not come from the zygote. In some seeds, such as black pepper and beet, a part of the nucellus (the tissue of the ovule around the embryo sac) is not used up and stays in the seed. This residual, persistent nucellus is the perisperm.

Reason (R): The zygote develops into the embryo, not the perisperm. — True. After fertilisation, the zygote divides and passes through the proembryo, globular and heart-shaped stages to form the embryo. It does not form the perisperm.

So A is false and R is true.

NCERT Extract:
Seed – “… Mature seeds may be non-albuminous or ex-albuminous. Non-albuminous seeds have no residual endosperm as it is completely consumed during embryo development (e.g., pea, groundnut). Albuminous seeds retain a part of endosperm as it is not completely used up during embryo development (e.g., wheat, maize, barley, castor). Occasionally, in some seeds such as black pepper and beet, remnants of nucellus are also persistent. This residual, persistent nucellus is the perisperm.”
Embryo – “Embryo develops at the micropylar end of the embryo sac where the zygote is situated. Most zygotes divide only after certain amount of endosperm is formed. … The zygote gives rise to the proembryo and subsequently to the globular, heart-shaped and mature embryo.”