Which one of the following is the cause of extinction of Stellar's Sea Cow and Passenger Pigeon?

Over-exploitation

The correct answer is Option (2) → Over-exploitation

Over-exploitation refers to the excessive and unsustainable harvesting of a species by humans. Humans have always depended on nature for food and shelter, but when ‘need’ turns to ‘greed’, it leads to over -exploitation of natural resources. Many species extinctions in the last 500 years (Steller’s sea cow, passenger pigeon) were due to overexploitation by humans. Presently many marine fish populations around the world are over harvested, endangering the continued existence of some commercially important species.