Read the passage and answer the following questions .

In the process of sexual reproduction in angiosperms, the seed serves as the final product. It is formed from a fertilized ovule and is typically enclosed within a fruit. A seed is composed of several parts, including seed coats, cotyledons, and an embryo axis. The cotyledons of the embryo are simple structures that are often thick and swollen, storing food reserves, particularly in legumes. Mature seeds can be classified as albuminous (with endosperm) or ex-albuminous (with reduced endosperm). The integuments of the ovules harden to become protective seed coats, and a small pore called the micropyle remains, enabling the entry of oxygen and water during seed germination. As the ovules develop into seeds, the ovary undergoes transformation into a fruit. This simultaneous process involves the ovules turning into seeds, and the ovary walls developing into the fruit's pericarp. Fruits come in different types, including fleshy fruits like guava, orange, and mango, as well as dry fruits such as groundnut and mustard. Many fruits have evolved mechanisms for the dispersal of seeds.

The wall of the ovary develops into :

Pericarp

The correct answer is Option (2): Pericarp

During the maturation process, as the ovules develop into seeds, the ovary of the flower undergoes a transformation and develops into a fruit. This simultaneous process occurs in angiosperms, where the ovules and ovary transform into seeds and fruit, respectively.

The wall of the ovary, which initially encloses the ovules, undergoes significant changes and forms the wall of the fruit. This transformed ovary wall is referred to as the pericarp. The pericarp is composed of three distinct layers: the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. These layers can vary in thickness, texture, and composition, depending on the type of fruit.

More about the topic:

The exocarp is the outermost layer of the pericarp and is often responsible for providing protection and serving as the outer covering of the fruit. It can be thin and delicate in some fruits or thick and tough in others.

The mesocarp is the middle layer of the pericarp and can have various textures and consistencies. In fleshy fruits like apples or berries, the mesocarp is often soft and juicy. In dry fruits like nuts or capsules, the mesocarp may be dry and fibrous.

The endocarp is the innermost layer of the pericarp, and it directly surrounds the seeds. In some fruits, the endocarp closely adheres to the seed coat, while in others, there may be a space or cavity between the endocarp and the seed coat.

Overall, as the ovules mature into seeds, the ovary undergoes a transformation into a fruit, with the ovary wall becoming the pericarp. The pericarp consists of the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp, which collectively contribute to the structure, protection, and dispersal of the seeds within the fruit.