Which of the following terms refers to the study of interactions between organisms and their physical environment, as well as the interactions among organisms?

Study of ecology

(a) Ecosystem study: This option refers to the study of ecosystems, which involves examining the interactions between organisms and their physical environment within a specific area. It encompasses the study of various components, such as the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors, as well as the flow of energy and nutrients within the ecosystem.

(b) Environmental study: This option generally refers to the study of the environment as a whole, including both natural and human-made aspects. It involves investigating various environmental factors, such as air quality, water pollution, climate change, and biodiversity. Environmental studies aim to understand the impacts of human activities on the environment and find sustainable solutions to environmental problems.

(c) Ecology: As mentioned earlier, ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. It encompasses the study of the distribution, abundance, and interactions of organisms, as well as the processes that shape ecosystems. Ecologists examine the ecological factors that influence the survival, growth, and behavior of organisms, and they strive to understand the complex web of interactions within ecosystems.

(d) Population study: This option refers to the study of populations, which involves analyzing the characteristics, dynamics, and changes in the size and composition of populations over time. Population studies focus on factors such as birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, and the genetic diversity within populations. Understanding population dynamics is important for various fields, including conservation biology, epidemiology, and resource management.