Select the incorrect statements from the following :

A- During gel electrophoresis fragments of DNA are separated under an electric field in agarose gel.

B- In microinjection method, foreign DNA is indeed directly injected into the nucleus of an plant cell using microneedles.

C- Retroviruses in animals have the ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells.

D- The first restriction endonuclease is EcoRI .

Choose the correct answer from the given options .

B and D

The correct answer is Option (2) - B and D

The incorrect statements are : B and D

B. Gene transfer involves the direct introduction of specific genes into the target organism's genome. This can be achieved using various techniques, such as microinjection, biolistics (gene gun method), or using disarmed pathogen vectors. These methods allow for precise insertion of desired genes without introducing unwanted genetic material. In microinjection method, foreign DNA is indeed directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell using microneedles. This is a technique used in genetic engineering to introduce foreign DNA into animal cells.

D. The first restriction endonuclease is Hind II. It was found that Hind II always cut DNA molecules at a particular point by recognising a specific sequence of six base pairs.

The correct statements are : A and C

A. The process of cutting DNA using restriction endonucleases results in the formation of DNA fragments. These fragments can be separated using a technique called gel electrophoresis. Since DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules, they can be separated by applying an electric field, causing them to move towards the anode through a medium or matrix.

C. Agrobacterium tumifaciens, a pathogen of several dicot plants is able to deliver a piece of DNA known as ‘T-DNA’ to transform normal plant cells into a tumor and direct these tumor cells to produce the chemicals required by the pathogen. Similarly, retroviruses in animals have the ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells.