Match the various theories of Intelligence in List I with the psychologists associated with the same in the List II.
| List I (Intelligence Theories) | List II (Psychologists) | ||
| A. | Hierarchical Model of Intelligence | I. | Louis Thurstone |
| B. | Two-Factor Theory | II. | Arthur Jensen |
| C. | Theory of Primary Mental Abilities | III. | J.P. Guilford |
| D. | Structure of Intellect Model | IV. | Charles Spearman |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
(A) Hierarchical Model of Intelligence — this matches (II) Arthur Jensen. Jensen proposed a hierarchical model of abilities at two levels: Level I, associative learning such as rote memory, and Level II, cognitive competence, the higher-order skills that transform the input.
(B) Two-Factor Theory — this matches (IV) Charles Spearman. In 1927 Spearman used factor analysis to show that intelligence consists of a general factor (g-factor) and some specific factors (s-factors).
(C) Theory of Primary Mental Abilities — this matches (I) Louis Thurstone. Thurstone held that intelligence consists of seven primary abilities, such as verbal comprehension, numerical abilities and memory, each relatively independent of the others.
(D) Structure of Intellect Model — this matches (III) J.P. Guilford. Guilford classified intellectual traits along three dimensions: operations, contents and products.
NCERT (2025-26): “Theories of Intelligence … In 1927, Charles Spearman proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence employing a statistical method called factor analysis. He showed that intelligence consisted of a general factor (g-factor) and some specific factors (s-factors).…” “Theories of Intelligence … Spearman’s theory was followed by Louis Thurstone’s theory. He proposed the theory of primary mental abilities. It states that intelligence consists of seven primary abilities, each of which is relatively independent of the others.…” “Theories of Intelligence … Arthur Jensen proposed a hierarchical model of intelligence consisting of abilities operating at two levels, called Level I and Level II. Level I is the associative learning in which output is more or less similar to the input (e.g., rote learning and memory). Level II, called cognitive competence, involves higher-order skills as they transform the input to produce an effective output. J.P. Guilford proposed the structure-of-intellect model which classifies intellectual traits among three dimensions: operations, contents, and products.…” |