The correct match for each movement with its associated state is:
(A) Narmada Bachao Andolan - This movement is primarily associated with the state of Gujarat, where the Narmada River flows and the construction of large dams on the river was protested. This corresponds to (III). Narmada Bachao Andolan was a movement was to save Narmada and opposed the construction of large dams and questioned the very nature of development. It was led by Medha Patkar.
(B) Anti-Arrack Movement - It started in Andhra Pradesh in the early 1990s when women in rural areas protested against the sale of arrack (a local alcoholic drink) due to its impact on the health, safety, and finances of their families. This matches with (I). It was a spontaneous mobilisation of women demanding a ban on the sale of alcohol in their neighbourhoods. Stories of this kind appeared in the Telugu press almost daily during the two months of September and October 1992. Women took out a procession in Hyderabad in 1992, protesting against the selling of arrack.
(C) Chipko Movement - This was a forest conservation movement where people, particularly women, in the Himalayan regions of Uttarakhand (formerly part of Uttar Pradesh) hugged trees to prevent them from being cut down. This aligns with (IV). The Chipko movement began in two or three villages of Uttarakhand / Uttranchal (then UP) when the forest department refused permission to the villagers to fell ash trees for making agricultural tool. Women’s active participation in the Chipko agitation was a very novel aspect of the movement. The forest contractors of the region usually doubled up as suppliers of alcohol to men. Women held sustained agitations against the habit of alcoholism and broadened the agenda of the movement to cover other social issues. The movement achieved a victory when the government issued a ban on felling of trees in the Himalayan regions for fifteen years, until the green cover was fully restored
(D) Movement for Right to Information - This movement began in Rajasthan with the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) to promote transparency and accountability in governance, which corresponds to (II). The movement for Right to Information (RTI) is one of the few recent examples of a movement that did succeed in getting the state to accept its major demand. The movement started in 1990, when a mass based organisation called the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) in Rajasthan took the initiative in demanding records of famine relief work and accounts of labourers. The demand was first raised in Bhim Tehsil in a very backward region of Rajasthan. In 2004 RTI Bill was tabled and received presidential assent in June 2005.
Therefore, the correct matching is: (1) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II) |
