Which of the following makes the workers highly vulnerable ?

Casualisation of workforce

The correct answer is option (1) : Casualisation of workforce

Casualization of the workforce refers to the practice of employing workers on a temporary or casual basis, often without the job security, benefits,a and protections that permanent or salaried employees enjoy. Workers in casual employment typically face greater job insecurity, uncertainty in income, and are more vulnerable to sudden job loss.

"Scholars call the process of moving from self-employment and regular salaried employment to casual wage work as casualisation of workforce. This makes the workers highly vulnerable. "