The correct answer is Option (2) → (A), (C) and (D) only
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(A) The first component is the diathesis or the presence of some biological aberration which may be inherited. This statement is correct. The diathesis-stress model's core idea is that a predisposition, or diathesis, whether genetic, biological, or psychological, makes a person vulnerable to developing a disorder.
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(B) Abnormal functioning can result from cognitive problems. This statement is incorrect in the context of the diathesis-stress model as the primary explanation. While cognitive problems can contribute to psychological disorders, this statement alone describes a different theoretical perspective, specifically a cognitive model, and not the interactional nature of the diathesis-stress model.
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(C) The diathesis may carry a vulnerability to develop a psychological disorder. This statement is correct. The diathesis is not the disorder itself but rather the inherent vulnerability or predisposition that increases the likelihood of a person developing a disorder under certain conditions.
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(D) If such "at risk" persons are exposed to pathogenic stressors, their predisposition may evolve into a disorder. This statement is correct. The model proposes that the predisposition (diathesis) only leads to the disorder when an individual is exposed to significant environmental or life stressors. The combination of the diathesis and the stressor is what triggers the disorder.
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