The correct answer is Option 2 - 1992
The 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution of India were passed by the Parliament in the year 1992. They were landmark changes that aimed to strengthen local self-governance in rural and urban areas, respectively.
73rd Amendment Act, 1992: This amendment provided constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), which are the local self-government bodies at the village or rural level in India. It introduced a three-tier structure of Panchayats consisting of the Gram Panchayat at the village level, the Panchayat Samiti at the intermediate level, and the Zilla Parishad at the district level. The amendment mandated regular elections to these bodies and reserved seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women. It also devolved certain powers and functions related to planning, implementation, and decision-making to the Panchayats, aiming to decentralize governance and promote grassroots democracy.
74th Amendment Act, 1992: This amendment provided constitutional status to the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), which include Municipal Corporations, Municipalities, and Nagar Panchayats, governing urban areas in India. Similar to the 73rd Amendment, it introduced a three-tier structure of urban local governance, consisting of the Municipal Corporation at the city level, the Municipal Council or Nagar Panchayat at the town level, and the Municipalities at the intermediate level. The amendment mandated regular elections to these bodies and reserved seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women. It also devolved certain powers and functions related to urban planning, infrastructure development, and service delivery to the Urban Local Bodies, aiming to empower local communities and improve urban governance. |
