Which of the following options correctly matches the conservation met…

The correct answer is Option (1) → In situ conservation/National park; Ex situ conservation/Botanical garden

In situ (on site) conservation protects species in their natural habitat, with the whole ecosystem: biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and sacred groves. Ex situ (off site) conservation keeps them outside their habitat: zoological parks, botanical gardens, seed banks, cryopreservation and tissue culture.

Option (1) In situ conservation/National park; Ex situ conservation/Botanical garden — Correct. A national park protects species in their own habitat (in situ), and a botanical garden grows plants away from their habitat (ex situ). Both pairs are right.

Option (2) In situ conservation/Cryopreservation; Ex situ conservation/Wildlife sanctuary — Incorrect. Both pairs are reversed: cryopreservation of gametes is ex situ, and a wildlife sanctuary is in situ.

Option (3) In situ conservation/Seed bank; Ex situ conservation/National park — Incorrect. Both pairs are reversed: a seed bank stores seeds away from the habitat (ex situ), and a national park is in situ.

Option (4) In situ conservation/Tissue culture; Ex situ conservation/Sacred groves — Incorrect. Both pairs are reversed: tissue culture is done in the laboratory (ex situ), and sacred groves are forest patches protected in place (in situ).

NCERT Extract:
Summary – “… Biodiversity conservation may be in situ as well as ex situ. In in situ conservation, the endangered species are protected in their natural habitat so that the entire ecosystem is protected. … Our country’s in situ conservation efforts are reflected in its 14 biosphere reserves, 90 national parks, > 450 wildlife sanctuaries and many sacred groves. Ex situ conservation methods include protective maintenance of threatened species in zoological parks and botanical gardens, in vitro fertilisation, tissue culture propagation and cryopreservation of gametes.”