Read the paragraph and answer the question.

Broadly, genetic disorders may be grouped into two categories - Mendelian disorders and Chromosomal disorders. Mendelian disorders are mainly determined by alteration or mutation in the single gene. These disorders are transmitted to the offspring on the same lines as we have studied in the principle of inheritance. The trait may also be linked to the sex chromosome as in case of haemophilia. It is evident that this X-linked recessive trait shows transmission from carrier female of male progeny.

Which of the following disease is a result of aneuploidy?

(A) Turner's Syndrome

(B) Klinefelter's Syndrome

(C) Down's Syndrome

(D) Phenylketonuria

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (B) and (C) only

The correct answer is Option (3) - (A), (B) and (C) only

The chromosomal disorders are caused due to absence or excess or abnormal arrangement of one or more chromosomes.Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycle results in the gain or loss of a chromosome(s), called aneuploidy. For example, Down’s syndrome results in the gain of extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, Turner’s syndrome results due to loss of an X chromosome in human females. Most aneuploid patients have trisomy (three copies of a chromosome) instead of monosomy (single copy of a chromosome).  The major chromosomal aneuploidies are trisomy 13, trisomy 18, Turner Syndrome (45 with X0), Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY).

Mendelian disorders are mainly determined by alteration or mutation in the single gene. These disorders are transmitted to the offspring on the same lines as we have studied in the principle of inheritance. Most common and prevalent Mendelian disorders are Haemophilia, Cystic fibrosis, Sicklecell anaemia, Colour blindness, Phenylketonuria, Thalassemia, etc.