Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
| LIST-I | LIST-II |
| Concept related to Organising | Explanation |
| A. Delegation | I. Less control over executives, hence greater freedom of action. |
| B. Decentralisation | II. Decision-making authority is retained by higher management levels. |
| C. Centralisation | III. It is a process followed to share tasks. |
| D. Formal Organisation | IV. Communication takes place through the scalar chain. |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
(A) Delegation — this matches (III) It is a process followed to share tasks. A manager cannot do every job alone. So he passes part of his work, with the authority needed for it, to a subordinate. Delegation is this sharing of tasks between a superior and his immediate subordinate, and it is needed in every organisation.
(B) Decentralisation — this matches (I) Less control over executives, hence greater freedom of action. Decentralisation spreads the authority to take decisions down to the lowest levels. Executives at each level decide for themselves, so they are less controlled by their superiors and have more freedom of action.
(C) Centralisation — this matches (II) Decision-making authority is retained by higher management levels. Centralisation is the opposite of decentralisation. The right to decide stays with the top, and the lower levels only carry out the decisions.
(D) Formal Organisation — this matches (IV) Communication takes place through the scalar chain. A formal organisation is the structure laid down by management, with fixed posts and a chain of authority from top to bottom. Its communication follows this official chain, the scalar chain. In an informal organisation, communication can move in any direction.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Centralisation and Decentralisation Centralisation and decentralisation are relative terms, as seen from the existing status of various business enterprises. An organisation is centralised when decision-making authority is retained by higher management levels whereas it is decentralised when such authority is delegated.”
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