Which of the following is used to break complex substances into simpler ones ?

Enzyme

The correct answer is Option (3) – Enzyme

The component used to break complex substances into simpler ones is:Enzyme

Enzymes are biological molecules (mostly proteins) that act as catalysts to facilitate chemical reactions within living organisms. They are involved in various metabolic processes, including breaking down complex substances into simpler ones. Enzymes achieve this by reducing the activation energy required for chemical reactions, thereby increasing the rate at which they occur.

The other options are incorrect:

• Vitamins: Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for various metabolic functions in the body, but they do not directly break down complex substances into simpler ones.
• Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are one of the main types of macromolecules in living organisms, serving as a source of energy and structural components. While carbohydrates can be broken down into simpler sugars by enzymes during digestion, they are not used to break down other complex substances.
• All of these: While enzymes may be involved in breaking down complex substances into simpler ones, vitamins and carbohydrates do not directly serve this function.