What is the fundamental paradox of Indian experiences of modernity?

Modern institutions and ideology were predominantly Christian, which was imposed over India India can never achieve modernity, and Its modernity is superficial. The modern liberal institutions and ideologies were introduced through an exploitative colonialist government. Indian modernity was Arabian modernity which was contradictory to western modernity.

The modern liberal institutions and ideologies were introduced through an exploitative colonialist government.

India has a long and rich history. While knowing about its past in ancient and medieval times is very important, its colonial experience is particularly significant for comprehending modern India. This is not just because many modern ideas and institutions reached India through colonialism. It is also because such exposure to modern ideas was contradictory or paradoxical. For example, Indians in the colonial period read about western liberalism and freedom. Yet they lived under a western colonial rule that denied Indians liberty and freedom.