During the 1970s, a significant milestone was India's inaugural nuclear explosion in May 1974. Embracing science and technology for modernization, Nehru initiated a nuclear program in the late 1940s led by Homi J. Bhabha, aiming to generate atomic energy for peaceful purposes. Despite advocating nuclear disarmament, global nuclear arsenals increased. After China's 1964 nuclear tests, the five nuclear powers attempted to impose the 1968 Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) on the world, which India deemed discriminatory and rejected. India's first nuclear test was labeled a "peaceful explosion," highlighting its commitment to peaceful nuclear power use. Amid domestic challenges caused by global events like the Arab-Israel War and oil shocks, Indian politics displayed consensus on national integration and foreign policy, despite minor differences among parties.

How did India characterize its first nuclear test in 1974?

Peaceful explosion

When India conducted its inaugural nuclear test, it was framed as a "peaceful explosion." India's stance rested on the premise that its nuclear pursuits were strictly aligned with peaceful objectives, specifically the generation of energy for beneficial purposes. In a broader context, India sought to emphasize its commitment to utilizing nuclear power exclusively for constructive applications, aligning with its longstanding principles.