Which group was given the name ‘paraffin’ earlier ?

Alkanes

The correct answer is option 2. Alkanes.

The term "paraffin" was initially used to refer to the group of compounds known as alkanes.

Alkanes are a group of saturated hydrocarbons consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded together by single covalent bonds. They are characterized by the general chemical formula \(C_nH_{2n+2}\), where "n" represents the number of carbon atoms. Alkanes are also known as "paraffins."

The term "paraffin" originates from the Latin word "parum," meaning "little," and "affinis," meaning "affinity" or "resemblance." It was originally used to describe substances that had little affinity for chemical reactions, such as the alkanes. This name reflected the relatively inert nature of alkanes compared to other more reactive compounds.

Alkanes are nonpolar molecules with low reactivity under normal conditions. They are relatively inert and do not undergo many chemical reactions readily. This inertness is attributed to the absence of functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) or carbonyl (C=O) groups, which are typically involved in more reactive chemistry.

Alkanes, or paraffins, have various industrial and commercial applications. They are commonly used as fuels, lubricants, and solvents. Paraffin wax, derived from alkanes, is used in candle making, cosmetics, and coating materials.

Over time, the term "paraffin" has been used more specifically to refer to certain members of the alkane series, particularly those with higher molecular weights, such as long-chain alkanes. The term "alkane" is now more commonly used to describe the entire group of saturated hydrocarbons, while "paraffin" may refer specifically to certain types of alkanes or their derivatives.

In summary, the group of compounds known as alkanes was originally referred to as "paraffins" due to their relatively inert nature and lack of reactivity. This term has evolved over time, and while it is still used to describe certain alkanes or their derivatives, the more general term "alkane" is now commonly employed to refer to this group of hydrocarbons.