What is the function of stomata ?

The correct answer is Option (3) – Gaseous exchange

Stomata are small pores found on the surfaces of leaves and stems of plants. These pores are surrounded by specialized cells called guard cells. The primary function of stomata is to regulate the exchange of gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), oxygen (O₂), and water vapor (H₂O), between the plant and its environment.

During photosynthesis, stomata open to allow the entry of carbon dioxide, which is essential for the process of photosynthesis. At the same time, oxygen produced during photosynthesis is released through the stomata. Additionally, stomata also play a role in regulating water loss from the plant through transpiration, as they can open and close to control the movement of water vapor.

The other options are incorrect:

• Removal of waste: Stomata primarily facilitate gaseous exchange and are not directly involved in the removal of waste from plants.
• Water transport: Stomata are not directly involved in water transport. Water transport in plants occurs through specialized vascular tissues called xylem.
• Food transport: Food transport in plants occurs through the phloem tissue, not through stomata. Stomata are primarily involved in gaseous exchange.