Consider the following statements about the green revolution in India:
(A) In the first phase, the use of HYV seeds was restricted to more affluent states such as Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
(B) In the first phase, the use of HYV seeds mainly benefited the rice-growing regions.
(C) In the second phase, HYV technology spread to a larger number of states and benefited more variety of crops.
(D) Research institutes set up by the government reduced the risk of small farmers being ruined by pest attacks.
(E) In the course of time, the output on small farms equalled the output on large farms.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (C), (D) and (E) only
(A) In the first phase, the use of HYV seeds was restricted to more affluent states such as Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. — Incorrect. The third state named is Tamil Nadu, not Karnataka.
(B) In the first phase, the use of HYV seeds mainly benefited the rice-growing regions. — Incorrect. It mainly benefited the wheat-growing regions.
(C) In the second phase, HYV technology spread to a larger number of states and benefited more variety of crops. — Correct. This was the mid-1970s to mid-1980s.
(D) Research institutes set up by the government reduced the risk of small farmers being ruined by pest attacks. — Correct. HYV crops were more prone to pests, and these institutes cut the risk.
(E) In the course of time, the output on small farms equalled the output on large farms. — Correct. Cheap loans and subsidised fertiliser let small farmers get the needed inputs.
NCERT (2026-27): “2.3 Agriculture … As a result, in the first phase of the green revolution (approximately mid 1960s upto mid 1970s), the use of HYV seeds was restricted to the more affluent states such as Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Further, the use of HYV seeds primarily benefited the wheat-growing regions only. In the second phase of the green revolution (mid-1970s to mid-1980s), the HYV technology spread to a larger number of states and benefited more variety of crops. …” “Fortunately, these fears did not come true because of the steps taken by the government. The government provided loans at a low interest rate to small farmers and subsidised fertilisers so that small farmers could also have access to the needed inputs. Since the small farmers could obtain the required inputs, the output on small farms equalled the output on large farms in the course of time. As a result, the green revolution benefited the small as well as rich farmers. The risk of the small farmers being ruined when pests attack their crops was considerably reduced by the services rendered by research institutes established by the government. …” |