Take the statements below to be true, even if they differ from known facts. Which of the conclusions follow logically from them?
Statements:
1. No soldier is a tailor.
2. All soldiers are athletes.
Conclusions:
I. No athlete is a tailor.
II. All athletes are soldiers.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows
A conclusion follows only if it is true in every diagram that fits the statements; each class named in a statement is taken to have members.
“No soldier is a tailor”: the circles of soldiers and tailors do not touch
“All soldiers are athletes”: the circle of soldiers lies inside the circle of athletes; the other athletes are not covered by the first statement
Conclusion I: No athlete is a tailor. — Does not follow. Only the soldiers are kept away from the tailors; the other athletes may be tailors, as in the diagram.
Conclusion II: All athletes are soldiers. — Does not follow. “All soldiers are athletes” cannot be turned round; in the diagram many athletes are not soldiers.