Match List-I (Subject in Buchanan's writing) with List-II (How he tre…

Match List-I (Subject in Buchanan's writing) with List-II (How he treated it).

List-I	List-II
(A) A landscape he described	(I) Shaped by the commercial concerns of the Company and Western notions of progress
(B) The forests	(II) Described along with how it could be made more productive
(C) His assessment of what was necessary	(III) Viewed critically
(D) The lifestyles of forest dwellers	(IV) To be turned into agricultural lands

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) A landscape he described	(II) Described along with how it could be made more productive	When describing a landscape, Buchanan added how it could be transformed and made more productive: crops to grow, trees to cut.
(B) The forests	(IV) To be turned into agricultural lands	He felt forests had to be turned into agricultural lands, in line with the Company's revenue interests.
(C) His assessment of what was necessary	(I) Shaped by the commercial concerns of the Company and Western notions of progress	His idea of what was needed came from the commercial concerns of the Company and Western ideas of progress, not from local needs.
(D) The lifestyles of forest dwellers	(III) Viewed critically	He was inevitably critical of how forest dwellers lived, as their ways did not fit his idea of progress.

NCERT (2026-27): “2.3 The accounts of Buchanan …
When Buchanan wrote about a landscape, he most often described not just what he saw, what the landscape was like, but also how it could be transformed and made more productive – what crops could be cultivated, which trees cut down, and which ones grown. And we must remember that his vision and his priorities were different from those of the local inhabitants: his assessment of what was necessary was shaped by the commercial concerns of the Company and modern Western notions of what constituted progress. He was inevitably critical of the lifestyles of forest dwellers and felt that forests had to be turned into agricultural lands.”

Match List-I (Subject in Buchanan's writing) with List-II (How he treated it).

List-I	List-II
(A) A landscape he described	(I) Shaped by the commercial concerns of the Company and Western notions of progress
(B) The forests	(II) Described along with how it could be made more productive
(C) His assessment of what was necessary	(III) Viewed critically
(D) The lifestyles of forest dwellers	(IV) To be turned into agricultural lands

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) A landscape he described	(II) Described along with how it could be made more productive	When describing a landscape, Buchanan added how it could be transformed and made more productive: crops to grow, trees to cut.
(B) The forests	(IV) To be turned into agricultural lands	He felt forests had to be turned into agricultural lands, in line with the Company's revenue interests.
(C) His assessment of what was necessary	(I) Shaped by the commercial concerns of the Company and Western notions of progress	His idea of what was needed came from the commercial concerns of the Company and Western ideas of progress, not from local needs.
(D) The lifestyles of forest dwellers	(III) Viewed critically	He was inevitably critical of how forest dwellers lived, as their ways did not fit his idea of progress.