Read the passage and answer the question :
"Though the wise should hope, by this virtue ... by this penance I will gain karma ... and the fool should by the same means hope to gradually rid himself of his karma, neither of them can do it. Pleasure and pain measured out as it were, cannot be altered in the course of samsara (transmigration). It can neither be lessened or increased ... just as a ball of string will when thrown unwind to its full length, so fool and wise alike will take their course and make an end of sorrow".
Whose teachings are described in the passage?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Makkhali Gosala
The passage gives the teaching of Makkhali Gosala, which King Ajatasattu described to the Buddha: pleasure and pain are measured out and cannot be altered in the course of samsara, so the wise and the fool alike take their course.
NCERT: Themes in Indian History Part I — Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings (2026-27)
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