Which of the following is NOT a cognitive effect of stress?

Increased anxiety

The correct answer is option 2: Increased anxiety

"Cognitive effects of stress are poor concentration, and reduced shortterm memory capacity."

Explanation:

• Option 1: Poor concentration – This is a cognitive effect of stress. Stress can impair attention and focus.

• Option 2: Increased anxiety –  This is primarily an emotional or psychological effect of stress, not cognitive.

• Option 3: Reduced memory capacity –  Also a cognitive effect. Stress negatively affects short-term memory and recall.