Practicing Success

Target Exam

CUET

Subject

Chemistry

Chapter

Organic: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Question:

The decreasing order of the rate of the above reaction with nucleophiles (Nu-) a to d

(a) PhO-    

(b) AcO-

(c) OH-

(d) CH3O-

Options:

d  > c > a > b

d > c > b > a

a > b > c > d

b > d > c > a

Correct Answer:

d > c > b > a

Explanation:

The order of nucleophilicity of the oxyanions is as follows:

(d) CH3O- > (c) OH- > (b) AcO- > (a) PhO-

This order can be explained by the following factors:

Size: The smaller the nucleophile, the more easily it can approach the electrophile and attack it. CH3O- is the smallest oxyanion, followed by OH-, AcO-, and PhO-.

Charge: The more negative the charge on a nucleophile, the more nucleophilic it is. All of the oxyanions have a negative charge, but CH3O- has the most negative charge.

Electronic effects: The presence of electron-withdrawing groups (such as the carbonyl group in AcO-) decreases the nucleophilicity of a molecule. PhO- also has an electron-withdrawing group, but it is not as strong as the carbonyl group.

Therefore, the order of nucleophilicity of the oxyanions is (d) CH3O- > (c) OH- > (b) AcO- > (a) PhO-. This means that the reaction rate will be fastest with CH3O-, followed by OH-, AcO-, and PhO- in decreasing order of reactivity.