The correct answer is Option (2) → (B), (D) and (E) only
(B) Introduction of alien species
- Introduction of non-native species into ecosystems can outcompete, prey upon, or bring diseases to native species, leading to their decline or extinction. This is a significant cause of biodiversity loss.The Nile perch introduced into Lake Victoria in east Africa led eventually to the extinction of an ecologically unique assemblage of more than 200 species of cichlid fish in the lake. There are also the environmental damage caused and threat posed to our native species by invasive weed species like carrot grass (Parthenium), Lantana and water hyacinth (Eicchornia). The recent illegal introduction of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus for aquaculture purposes is posing a threat to the indigenous catfishes in our rivers.
(D) Removal of one species from co-existed species
- Many species in ecosystems are interdependent. Removing one species can disrupt food webs or mutualistic relationships, leading to the extinction of others.
(E) Destruction of large landscape into small areas
- Habitat fragmentation reduces the area available for species to live, isolates populations, and limits genetic diversity, increasing extinction risk.
other options:
(A) Less use of natural resources
- This is not a cause of species loss; overuse or unsustainable exploitation of resources is a more common cause.
(C) Species confined to a particular area
- While species with restricted ranges are more vulnerable to extinction, this alone is not a direct cause of the increase in the rate of species loss. It is more of a contributing factor when combined with habitat destruction or other threats.
Thus, (B), (D), and (E) correctly identify the primary causes of increased species loss. |
