Read the following Passage carefully and give the answer :

India has faced traditional (military) and non-traditional threats to its security that have emerged from within as well as outside its borders. Its security strategy has four broad components- The first component was strengthening its military capabilities, and the second component of India's security strategy has been to strengthen international norms and international institutions to protect its security interests. The third component of the Indian security strategy is geared towards meeting security challenges within the country, and fourth, there has been an attempt in India to develop its economy in a way that the vast mass of citizens are lifted out of poverty and misery and huge economic inequalities, which have been used in varying combinations from time to time. India led the Non-Aligned movement as a challenge to the dominance of the two superpowers. It also championed the cause of establishing NIEO as a means of attaining economic development and political independence. India has also strengthened the cause of environmental security by signing the Kyoto Protocol to address the issue of greenhouse gas emissions and Global Warming.

What is the full form of 'NIEO'?
(1) New International Education Order
(2) New International Earth Organisation
(3) New International Economic Order
(4) New Industrial-Eco-Order

3

'NIEO' stands for 'New International Economic Order'.

The idea of the New International Economic Order (NIEO) originated with the realization of the necessity to have sustained development. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) brought out a report in 1972 entitled Towards a New Trade Policy for Development. The report proposed a reform of the global trading system so as to:

(i) give the LDCs control over their natural resources exploited by the developed Western countries,
(ii) obtain access to Western markets so that the LDCs could sell their products and, therefore, make trade more beneficial for the poorer countries,
(iii) reduce the cost of technology from the Western countries, and
(iv) provide the LDCs with a greater role in international economic institutions.