Which of the following is not the cause of biodiversity loss?

Endemism

The correct answer is Option (3) -Endemism

The accelerated rates of species extinctions that the world is facing now are largely due to human activities. There are four major causes :

Habitat loss and fragmentation

Over-exploitation

Alien species invasions

Co-extinctions

Endemism means species confined to that region and not found anywhere else. Biodiversity hotspots are regions with very high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism (that is, species confined to that region and not found anywhere else). These areas have exceptionally high levels of biodiversity, meaning they support a wide variety of plant and animal species. Additionally, they are home to a significant number of species that are found nowhere else on Earth, known as endemic species.